Abstract: The characteristics of plant geographical composition in 14 wetland parks (protected areas) in Xinjiang and their relationship with climatic factors such as latitude, longitude, precipitation, and annual average temperature were studied. There were 996 species of vascular plants in 14 wetlands, belonging to 101 families and 425 genera, which were from 12 distribution area types and 13 variants. The northern temperate distribution type reflected the absolute advantage, accounting for 37.4% of the total number of genera. The mediterranean composition also occupied a certain position in the composition of wet regions, accounting for 15.2%. There were 68 genera in the world distribution, accounting for 16.0%. There were 30 genera in the pantropical distribution, accounting for 7.05% of the total. Different geographical components showed obvious spatial differentiation. Temperate components were best developed in areas with sufficient precipitation, such as Zhaosu and the wetlands of the Ili River. Tropical components and ancient Mediterranean components were mainly distributed in high-temperature and arid areas, such as Bosten Lake, Abbey Lake, Hutubi, and other places. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the average annual temperature and average annual precipitation were the two main factors affecting the distribution of geographical components. In short, the flora of Xinjiang wetlands was complex and had obvious geographical differentiation, which was mainly related to the average annual temperature and average annual precipitation.