Investigation and Analysis of Small and Micro Wetland Resources in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
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摘要: 本文以浙江杭州为例,对市级尺度小微湿地资源进行了调查和探索性研究,探讨小微湿地调查方法,初步掌握了杭州小微湿地资源和分布特征。截至2020年年底,杭州小微湿地面积为16 175.75 hm2,占杭州全市国土面积的0.96%,相当于2013年全国湿地第2次调查发布8 hm2以上湿地面积117 815.81 hm2的13.73%。在湿地分类方面,杭州全市小微湿地可分为7种类型,其中库塘型11 708.27 hm2,占总面积的72.38%;在斑块结构方面,随着斑块大小的增加,小微湿地斑块数量和面积的比例均不断减小,分布规律呈现幂函数递减;在湿地分布方面,集中分布于余杭区、临安区、富阳区、建德市和萧山区5个区市,占总面积的73.38%。本文还梳理了杭州小微湿地面临的威胁,并提出了有针对性的保护策略,以期为完善小微湿地调查体系、推进杭州及各地小微湿地保护提供科学依据。Abstract: Taking Hangzhou, Zhejiang province as an example, this paper conducted an exploratory research on the investigation of small and micro wetland resources at the municipal level, discussed the investigation methods of small and micro wetlands, and preliminarily grasped the resources and distribution characteristics of small and micro wetlands in Hangzhou. By the end of 2020, the area of small and micro wetlands in Hangzhou was 16,175.75 hm2, accounting for 0.96% of the city’s land area, equivalent to 13.71% of wetland area of 117,815.81 hm2 released by the Second National Wetland Survey in 2013. In wetland classification, the city’s small and micro wetlands can be divided into 7 types, of which the reservoir type was 11,708.27 hm2, accounting for 72.38% of the total area. In the patchy structure, as the plaque size increased, the proportion of quantity and area of small and micro wetlands decreased continuously, and the distribution law showed a decreasing power function. In terms of wetland distribution, they were concentrated in Yuhang District, Lin’an District, Fuyang District, Jiande District and Xiaoshan District, accounting for 73.38% of the total area. In the end, this paper combed the threats faced by small and micro wetlands in Hangzhou, and put forward targeted protection strategies, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the investigation system nd promoting the protection of small and micro wetlands in Hangzhou and other regions.
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表 1 杭州市小微湿地分类统计
Table 1. Classification of small and micro wetlands in Hangzhou
统计项目 自然湿地 人工湿地 合计 海岸性淡水湖 河口水域 永久性河流 洪泛平原 永久性淡水湖 库塘 运河输水河 斑块数量(个) 2.00 3.00 7 177.00 176.00 17.00 30 808.00 6216.00 44 399.00 面积(hm2) 13.82 0.71 2 527.91 106.73 9.81 1 170 8.27 1 808.50 16 175.75 占比(%) 0.09 0.00 15.63 0.66 0.06 72.38 11.18 100.00 单位斑块面积(hm2/个) 6.91 0.24 0.35 0.61 0.58 0.38 0.29 0.36 表 2 杭州市小微湿地斑块数量结构统计
Table 2. Patch size, quantity and structure of small and micro wetlands in Hangzhou
湿地分类 不同湿地斑块大小的小微湿地数量(个) [0.02,1) hm2 [1,2) hm2 [2,3) hm2 [3,4) hm2 [4,5) hm2 [5,6) hm2 [6,7) hm2 [7,8) hm2 合计 海岸性淡水湖 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 河口水域 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 永久性河流 6 692 374 72 21 9 6 2 1 7 177 洪泛平原 154 14 5 2 1 0 0 0 176 永久性淡水湖 13 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 库塘 28 124 1 697 525 230 112 57 36 27 30 808 运河、输水河 6 020 156 27 10 1 — 1 1 6 216 合计 41 006 2 245 629 263 123 64 40 29 44 399 表 3 杭州市小微湿地斑块面积结构统计
Table 3. Patch size and area structure of small and micro wetlands in Hangzhou
湿地分类 不同湿地斑块大小的小微湿地面积(hm2) [0.02,1) [1,2) [2,3) [3,4) [4,5) [5,6) [6,7) [7,8) 合计 海岸性淡水湖 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.35 7.47 0.00 13.82 河口水域 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71 永久性河流 1 692.85 503.77 171.42 73.12 38.4 27.96 13.06 7.33 2 527.91 洪泛平原 64.35 18.52 12.58 6.67 4.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 106.73 永久性淡水湖 3.64 6.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.81 库塘 6 044.90 2 336.19 1 285.39 786.00 500.51 309.88 236.86 208.54 11 708.27 运河、输水河 1 479.84 211.64 64.27 34.37 4.70 0.00 6.66 7.02 1 808.50 合计 9 286.29 3 076.29 1 533.66 900.16 548.22 344.19 264.05 222.89 16 175.75 表 4 杭州市不同行政区域小微湿地面积统计
Table 4. Area statistics of small and micro wetlands in different administrative regions of Hangzhou
行政区域 斑块
数量(个)合计 天然湿地面积(hm2) 人工湿地面积(hm2) 海岸性淡水湖 河口水域 永久性河流 洪泛平原 永久性淡水湖 库塘 运河、输水河 杭州市 43 039 16 175.75 13.82 0.71 2 527.91 106.73 9.81 11 708.27 1 808.50 上城区 122 41.82 0.00 0.71 12.20 0.00 0.00 28.91 0.00 拱墅区 146 60.21 0.00 0.00 44.30 0.00 0.00 15.53 0.38 西湖区 1 197 427.18 0.00 0.00 96.92 1.56 0.00 315.80 12.90 滨江区 43 12.67 0.00 0.00 1.71 0.00 3.14 7.82 0.00 萧山区 6 048 1 767.65 13.82 0.00 130.19 0.44 6.67 1 348.98 267.55 余杭区 7 716 3 467.77 0.00 0.00 483.83 8.46 0.00 2 832.55 142.93 临平区 3 560 1 323.39 0.00 0.00 247.06 0.30 0.00 1 009.30 66.73 钱塘区 1 167 585.19 0.00 0.00 16.58 0.00 0.00 481.71 86.90 富阳区 7 140 2 223.95 0.00 0.00 267.47 7.33 0.00 1 643.05 306.10 临安区 6 912 2 564.44 0.00 0.00 232.45 30.95 0.00 1 467.07 833.97 桐庐县 3 917 1 268.15 0.00 0.00 391.99 6.24 0.00 822.87 47.05 淳安县 968 588.15 0.00 0.00 174.24 49.02 0.00 364.89 0.00 建德市 4 103 1 845.18 0.00 0.00 428.97 2.43 0.00 1 369.79 43.99 -
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