Status and Significance of Nature Conservation in West Qinling Mountains
-
摘要: 西秦岭是指嘉陵江以西的秦岭-大巴山,是我国南北过渡带的西段,被作为青藏高原与秦巴山地的过渡区域,地质和地貌结构复杂,气候类型多样,亚热带、温带和高山气候交错分布,形成我国生物多样性最为丰富和保护地最集中的地区之一,特别是包含了我国大熊猫国家公园四大片区中分布在中间的岷山和白水江两大片区。西秦岭又是我国南、北方特有属的主要分界线和特有属的分布中心之一,更是西南向华中、华东及华北特有属扩展的关键通道,对于我国生物多样性格局的形成具有重要意义。这里也是我国秦汉唐时期人类活动重要的南北通道和场所,对于民族的统一和文化的传播意义非凡。此外,以成徽盆地为核心的西汉水流域,气候冷暖适度、地形和缓、洞穴发育,具有上古时代人类生存的理想条件;古昆仑山的原型、大禹治水地点以及炎黄活动区域这些中华上古文明发生的关键地点和事件,极有可能就发生在西秦岭内部。因此,西秦岭的自然保护不仅要做好自然保护地体系,特别是大熊猫国家公园的设计、完善和有效保护,更要研究西秦岭的自然保护对中华文明起源和发展的重要意义,严格保护好此地的珍贵历史文化景观资源。Abstract: The Qinling-Daba Mountains are the main body of China’s north-south transitional zone, and its western part, namely west of the Jialing River, is the West Qinling Mountains. with complex geological and geomorphological structure and warm temperate, subtropical and alpine climates. West Qinling is one of the hotspots of biodiversity and protected areas, containing two of the four areas of the Giant Panda National Park, namely the Minshan and the Baishuijiang areas. It is also the north-south demarcation and one of the distribution centers of China’s endemic genera, and serves as their significant spreading corridor from southwest China to east China, north China, and central China, greatly contributing to the formation of China’s biodiversity pattern. West Qinling is also the major passageways and event venues in the Qin, Han and Tang dynasties, closely related with main national unity actions and cultural transmission. In addition, the West Hanshui river valleys with the Chenghui basin in the center, are characterized by moderate climate, gentle landform and varied caves, which could provide appropriate geographical conditions for human life in remote antiquity. Ancient Kunlun Mountains, the legend of “King Yu Combating Flood,” and the living sites of two great ancestors Yan and Huang may be very likely related with West Qinling Mts. So, nature conservation should not only include design, improvement and effective protection of the protected areas but also protection and management of historical relics and cultural landscapes in West Qinling Mountains.
-
Key words:
- West Qinling Mountains. /
- West Hanshui river /
- Chenghui basin /
- national park /
- cultural landscape
-
图 2 西秦岭成徽盆地月均温度和湿度[4]
Figure 2. The average monthly temperature and humidity of the Chenghui Basin of the West Qinling Mountains
-
[1] 张百平. 中国南北过渡带研究的十大科学问题[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(3): 305−311. [2] 杜子图, 吴淦国, 吕古贤, 等. 西秦岭及周边地区构造体系划分与构造演化[J]. 地质力学学报, 1998, 4(3): 41−49. [3] 白红英. 秦巴山区森林植被对环境变化的响应[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014. [4] 中国天气网[EB/OL]. (2018-05-05)[2020-12-08] http://www.weather.com.cn/forecast/history.shtml?areaid=101161002&month=4. [5] 大熊猫祁连山国家公园甘肃省管理局白水江分局[EB/OL]. (2018-09-21)[2020-11-15]. http://www.baishuijiang.com.cn. [6] 李晓鸿(主编). 甘肃白水江国家级自然保护区生物多样性研究[M]. 兰州: 甘肃科学技术出版社, 2009. [7] 李良千. 甘肃白水江国家级自然保护区植物[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014. [8] 张泽钧, 胡锦矗, 吴华等. 唐家河大熊猫种群生存力分析[J]. 生态学报, 2002, 22(7): 990−998. [9] 黄尤优, 刘守江, 胡进耀等. 四川唐家河自然保护区西北至东南方向景观格局的梯度变化[J]. 云南植物研究, 2009, 31(1): 49−56. [10] 谢宗强, 申国珍, 周友兵, 等. 神农架世界自然遗产地的全球突出普遍价值及其保护[J]. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(5): 490−497. doi: 10.17520/biods.2016268 [11] 黄华梨, 王建宏, 孙学刚, 等. 白水江保护区植物物种多样性垂直带优先保护评价[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 47(4): 82−90. [12] 张可荣, 黄华梨, 杨文云. 甘肃白水江国家级自然保护区生物多样性概况及保护策略[J]. 甘肃林业科技, 2002, 27(2): 19−22, 50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0960.2002.02.006 [13] 国家市场监督管理局、国家标准化管理委员会. 国家公园设立规范(GB/T 9737-2020)[S]. 2020. [14] 国家林业与草原局. 大熊猫国家公园总体规划[Z]. 2019. [15] 王荷生. 中国种子植物特有属起源的探讨[J]. 云南植物研究, 1989, 11(1): 1−16. [16] 毛舒欣, 沈园, 邓红兵. 生物文化多样性研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(24): 8179−8186.